Monitoring and Response

Animal Threats

Process (Threat)	Monitoring systems	Monitoring frequency	Management response
Rabbits(grazing vegetation remnants, grazing regeneration, soil erosion)	Spotlight transect	monthly	Based on transect counts – <10 per Km (shoot and trap) >10 per Km (spot poison, fumigate)
Foxes (predating native fauna)	Spotlight transect	monthly	Shoot all seen at night. Trap (mesh trap) day activity sites.
Cats (predating native fauna)	Spotlight transect Opportunistic sightings	monthly	Shoot all seen at night. Shoot on site. Trap key habitat areas 2 monthly.
Wild pigs (soil disturbance and erosion, weed niches, fence damage, archaeological site damage)	Visual inspection Opportunistic sightings Fence inspections	Ongoing – notably after rains	Shoot on sight. For larger groups trap as needed (mesh trap and fee feed method).
Sheep and other livestock (grazing pressure, trampling, padding)	Visual inspection Fence inspections	Ongoing – incorporate with other activities	Identify ownership and return ASAP. No ownership – destroy.
Kangaroos (grazing pressure)	Spotlight transect	monthly	Monitor. Destroy under permit when excessive populations (to be determined).
	Establish monitoring records		Record response activities

Plants Threats

Process (Threat)	Monitoring systems	Monitoring frequency	Management response
Environmental weeds - Boxthorn (competition) - Cactus (competition) - Horehound (competition)	GPS and record known plants. Treat and reinspect.	Annually – winter/spring	Boxthorn – cut and paint stump (Roundup). Cactus – Same as above (destroy segments) Horehound - Review and treat if threat growing. Do nothing if threat reducing naturally.
Agricultural weeds - various (annuals)	Utilise existing vegetation monitoring program (TAFE)	Twice yearly	Observe. Identify trends. Review and treat if threat growing. Do nothing if threat reducing naturally due to native perennial recovery and reduced grazing pressure.
	Establish monitoring records		Record response activities

 

 

Erosion

Process (Threat)	Monitoring systems	Monitoring frequency	Management response
Wind (topsoil loss, seed loss, scalding)	Identify and map wind erosion sites. Install measure posts.	Twice yearly	Strategic revegetation, particularly scalping and seeding in scalded areas. Monitor naturally eroding areas such as ephemeral lake depressions.
Water(topsoil loss, seed loss, soil sedimentation into streams, scalding, weed spread)	Identify and map water erosion drainage systems and deposition Twice yearly or spill points. Install measure posts.	Twice yearly	Water management earthworks (diversion, mitigation). Strategic revegetation, particularly scalping and seeding in scalded areas.
	Establish monitoring records		Record response activities

Human Activities

Process (Threat)	Monitoring systems	Monitoring frequency	Management response
Excessive vehicle and group activities (erosion, compaction, weed seed movement,	Identify and record human damage areas. Reinspect and record damage.	Twice yearly	Limit vehicle access to property. Clearly instruct users on correct operation needs. Deny access to non conformers.
Contamination (weed materials on vehicles, disease vectors, chemical spillage)	Inspect vehicles entering property. Identify vehicle origins and potential threats	Each vehicle that will operate across the property	Brush off or hose vehicles down at a dedicated site to manage contaminants. Deny access to or remove vehicles with chemical or oil leaks or threats of spillage.
Compromising infrastructure (damage to fences, other infrastructure – sheds etc.)	List infrastructure resources	Twice yearly	Fences monitored in other programs (animal threats). Repair as needed.
	Establish monitoring records		Record response activities

Monitoring Activity Summary

Monthly – Spotlight transect (animal threats) Monthly – Daytime inspections (fences) Twice yearly – Daytime inspections/assessments (agricultural weeds, wind and water erosion sites, key vehicle and group damage sites, infrastructure) Annually – Daytime inspections/assessments (environmental weeds) Opportunistic – Daytime inspections (wild pigs, sheep and livestock) As required – Daytime inspections (new vehicles on property)